In PostgreSQL, the char data type, also known as the fixed-length character string type, is used to store strings of fixed length. It’s important to note that the char type is not the same as the variable-length character string type (varchar). Here are some key points about the char data type: Here’s an example of…
The numeric data type, also known as the decimal data type, is used to store arbitrary precision decimal numbers. This data type is particularly useful when you need to store numeric values with a high degree of precision, such as financial calculations or scientific computations. Here are some key points about the numeric data type:…
The bigint data type is used to store large whole numbers (integers) within a much larger range than the regular integer data type. It’s a 64-bit signed integer type, which means it can represent much larger and smaller values compared to the integer type. Here are some key points about the bigint data type in…
The integer data type is used to store whole numbers (integers) within the range of -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 in PostgreSQL database. It’s a 32-bit signed integer type. Here are some key points about the integer data type in PostgreSQL: Here’s an example of using the integer data type: CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_id serial PRIMARY…
PostgreSQL is a popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that supports a wide range of data types to accommodate different kinds of data, from basic integers and text to more complex structures like arrays and JSON documents. Here are some of the common data types provided by PostgreSQL: These are just some of the…
The GROUPING SETS operation is used in conjunction with the GROUP BY clause to generate a result set that includes aggregated data for multiple specified groups of columns. It’s a way to efficiently achieve the same effect as using multiple GROUP BY clauses separately. The basic syntax of using GROUPING SETS in a query is…
The ROLLUP operation is used in conjunction with the GROUP BY clause to generate a result set that includes aggregated data for various levels of a specified grouping columns hierarchy. It’s similar to the CUBE operation, but it provides a more structured way of obtaining summary data for different hierarchical levels. The basic syntax of…
The CUBE operation is used in conjunction with the GROUP BY clause to generate a result set that includes aggregated data for all possible combinations of specified grouping columns. It’s a powerful way to perform multi-dimensional analysis and obtain summary data for various dimensions simultaneously. The basic syntax of using CUBE in a query is…
The NATURAL JOIN is a type of join that automatically matches columns with the same name in two or more tables and combines the rows where those columns have matching values. Essentially, a NATURAL JOIN performs an INNER JOIN using the columns with the same names as the join criteria. The basic syntax of a…
A CROSS JOIN, also known as a Cartesian Join, is used to combine all rows from two or more tables, producing a result set where each row from the first table is combined with every row from the second table, and so on. Unlike other types of joins, CROSS JOIN does not require a join…